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@#Objective To investigate the effect of simvastatin and mechanical pretreatment on intimal hyperplasia of venous graft and its mechanism. Methods Twelve New Zealand rabbits were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: a blank control group, a simvastatin topical treatment group, a mechanical precondition group and a combined group (n=3 in each group). Ultrasound was used to evaluate the changes of graft wall and blood flow velocity in the graft, and pathological section was used to evaluate the intimal hyperplasia. Human umbilical cord endodermal cells were cultured in vitro. A simvastatin group and a solvent control group were set to detect YAP phosphorylation, downstream target gene expression and cell proliferation. Results Vascular ultrasound showed that except the simvastatin topical treatment group, the flow velocity in vein grafts in the other three groups significantly increased 21 days after surgery compared with 7 days after surgery (P<0.01). Pathological sections showed that the thickness of new intima in the simvastatin topical treatment group, mechanical precondition group, combined group and blank control group were 45.56±4.11 μm, 201.28±16.71 μm, 143.57±7.82 μm, 249.45±13.33 μm, respectively, and there were statistical differences compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). In vitro results showed that compared with the solvent control group, cell death was observed in high concentration simvastatin (5 mmol/L) group, cell proliferation was inhibited in low concentration simvastatin (2.5 mmol/L) group (P<0.05), the expression of YAP protein in the simvastatin group was unchanged, but the expression of phosphorylated YAP protein significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expression of downstream target gene ccn1 was down-regulated (P<0.001). Conclusion Intravascular local application of simvastatin and mechanical preconditioning alone or in combination can inhibit intimal hyperplasia of venous graft. High concentration of simvastatin has cytotoxicity, while low concentration of simvastatin has inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. Simvastatin can inhibit the formation of new intima by inhibiting the entry of YAP into the nucleus and reducing the transcription of cell proliferation-related target gene ccn1.
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We designed and fabricated a novel high throughput brain-on-chip with three dimensional structure with the aim to simulate the in vivo three-dimensional growth environment for brain tissues. The chip consists of a porous filter and 3D brain cell particles, and is loaded into a conventional 96-well plate for use. The filter and the particle molds were fabricated by using computer modeling, 3D printing of positive mold and agarose-PDMS double reversal mold. The 3D cell particles were made by pouring and solidifying a suspension of mouse embryonic brain cells with sodium alginate into a cell particle mold, and then cutting the resulting hydrogel into pieces. The loaded brain-on-chip was used to determine the neurotoxicity of pesticides. The cell particles were exposed to 0, 10, 30, 50, 100 and 200 µmol/L of chlorpyrifos or imidacloprid, separated conveniently from the medium by removing the porous filter after cultivation. Subsequently, cell proliferation, acetylcholinesterase activity and lactate dehydrogenase release were determined for toxicity evaluation. The embryonic brain cells were able to grow and proliferate normally in the hydrogel particles loaded into the filter in a 96-well plate. Pesticide neurotoxicity test showed that both chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid presented dose-dependent inhibition on cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, the pesticides showed inhibition on acetylcholinesterase activity and increase release of lactate dehydrogenase. However, the effect of imidacloprid was significantly weaker than that of chlorpyrifos. In conclusion, a novel brain-on-chip was developed in this study, which can be used to efficiently assess the drug neurotoxicity, pharmacodynamics, and disease mechanism by combining with a microtiterplate reader.
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Animals , Mice , Brain , Chlorpyrifos/toxicity , Culture Media , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Pesticides/toxicityABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effectiveness of repairing eyelids deformities caused by trauma with cosmetic surgery incisions.Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted in 17 patients with eyelids deformities caused by trauma in Plastic and Cosmetic Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University from January 2016 to October 2018. The deformities included lower eyelid ectropion, scar contracture of endocanthion, displacement of the medial canthus ligament, displacement of external canthus. We used the incisions of blepharoplasty, modified Z-epicanthoplasty, and the cosmetic lateral canthoplasty. The surgeries included grafting of full-thickness skin from blepharoplasty to repair the defects after scar ectomy, anchoring of medial canthal ligament, suspending of lateral canthal ligament.Results:All the 17 patients had good appearance and normal functions of eyelids.Conclusions:It deserves well recommended for using cosmetic surgery incisions to repair eyelids deformities.
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In recent years, many human central nervous systems (CNS) of microfluidic platforms and related disease models in vitro have been built with the continuous development of the microfluidic technology and biological microelectronics mechanical systems technology. Microplatforms have emerged to provide a better approximation of the in vivo scenario with better control of the structure, microenvironment and stimuli. This review summarized the basic technology of microfluidic chips in CNS and the application in CNS diseases. In addition, the research of microfluidic chip in CNS diseases has been also prospected. We also highlight challenges that can be addressed with interdisciplinary efforts to achieve more biomimicry.
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Humans , Central Nervous System Diseases , Microfluidic Analytical Techniques , MicrofluidicsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the impact of clinical and pathological factors on incidence and prognosis of brain metastasis from breast cancer.Methods The clinical data of 4473 stage Ⅳ breast cancer patients were collected from The Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results (SEER) database.All these patients were divided into brain metastasis group (n=345) and non-brain metastasis group (n=4 128).The clinical and pathological factors between the two groups were compared using x2 test and binary Logistic regression.The OS of 345 brain metastasis patients was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and impact of clinical and pathological factors on the survival rate was analyzed by Log-rank method.Multivariate Cox regression model was used to find out the independent risk factors.Results Between brain metastasis group and non-brain metastasis group,these following clinical and pathological factors showed the scatistical significance on brain metastasis:age,histological grade,T stage,N stage,ER,PR and HER expression (P＜0.05).Binary Logistic regression results showed that age,T stage,N stage,ER,PR were independent factors affecting brain metastasis (P＜0.05).The prognosis analysis showed that marital status,histological grade,ER,PR,molecular subtype,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,surgery at primary lesions,surgery at metastasis site,liver metastasis,lung metastasis and numbers of other organs metastasis were significantly correlated with the survival of breast cancer patients with brain metastasis (P＜0.05).Cox regression analysis showed that histological grade,ER,PR,molecular subtype,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,surgery at primary lesions,surgery at metastasis site were independent prognostic factors in breast cancer patients with liver metastasis.Conclusions Breast cancer patients with brain metastasis have a poor prognosis.Molecular subtype should be considered for prediction of prognosis for patients with brain metastasis.Radiotherapy and surgery at metastasis or primary site may improve survival of patients.
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Objective To evaluate the ability of force control of elbow and shoulder during isometric contraction in patients with chronic stroke. Methods From January to December, 2015, 22 chronic stroke patients and 12 healthy people were measured the maximum force dur-ing shoulder abduction/adduction and elbow flexion/extension with instrument for measuring force of upper extremity. The coefficient of variation was calculated. Results The maximum force was less in the patients than in the healthy controls (t>2.349, P1.974, P<0.05), except those of elbow extension. Conclusion The force measure and the coefficient of varia-tion can reflect the force control in shoulder and elbow motion in stroke patients.
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Objective To investigate the effects ofYangyin Yiqi Mixture on pulmonary fibrosis caused by bleomycin in rats;To discuss its possible mechanism.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, dexamethasone acetate group, low-dose, middle-dose and high-doseYangyin Yiqi Mixture groups. Bleomycin was used to establish pulmonary fibrosis rat models through endotracheal instillation. One day after molding, each medication group received gavage with relevant medicine. Lung tissues were taken on the 7th, 14th and 28th day. Masson staining was used to observe pathological change;alkalinehydrolysis was used to detect HYP content;Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-1.Results Compared with the normal control group, on 7th day, collagen in lung tissue of rats in model group markedly increased;the content of HYP in lung tissue significantly increased (P<0.01). On 28th day, collagen was deposited diffusely and the alveolar was destroyed;content of HYP in lung tissue increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with model group, deposited collagen in lung tissue was alleviated, and the content of HYP were remarkable reduced in middle and high doseYangyin Yiqi Mixture groups and displayed dose-dependent. Western blot results showed that the protein expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 increased quickly compared with the low expression of normal lung tissue in the 7th day of molding (P<0.05), and reached high expression in the 28th day. Compared with the model group, the level of MMP-9 in high-dose Yangyin Yiqi Mixture group decreased significantly in the 14th day;the expression of TIMP-1 decreased significantly in the 7th, 14th and 28th day (P<0.05).ConclusionYangyin Yiqi Mixture can effectively resist pulmonary fibrosis, which may be realized by inhibiting the expressions of TIMP-1 and MMP-9, regulating and promoting collagenic hydrolysis and restraining deposition of collagen.